Lubricator for diesel locomotive traction motor suspension bearings



March 8, 1960 R. J. HARKENRIDER 2,927,827

LUBRICATOR FOR DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE TRACTION MOTOR SUSPENSION BEARINGS Filed April 20, 1956 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR WfME/MW March 8, 1960 R. J. HARKENRIDER 7 LUBRICATOR FOR DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE TRACTION MOTOR SUSPENSION BEARINGS Filed April 20, 1956 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 8, 1960 R. J. HARKENRIDER LUBRICATOR FOR DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE TRACTION MOTOR SUSPENSION BEARINGS 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed April 20, 1956 I R m m m March 8, 1960 R J. HARKENRIDER 2,927,827

LUBRICATOR FbR DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE TRACTION MOTOR SUSPENSION BEARINGS Filed April 20, 1956 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. ZM

LUBRICATOR FOR DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE TRAC- TION MOTOR SUSPENSION BEARINGS Robert I. Harkenrider, Winona, Minn., assignor to Gladys D. Miller, Winona, Minn.

Application April 20, 1956, Serial No. 579,629

11 Claims. (Cl. 308-243) body having an arcuate surface for contact with the axle United 1 States Patent '0 j the layer of woven fabric that is fixed to the arcuatesure face of the core to present an arcuate lubricating surface that is adapted to bear against the journal. The closely packed coarse fibers may comprise alternating loops, cut or uncut, or strands of .vicara and coarse wool yarn. J Alternately, the high capillary action threads may be formed into closely spaced loops to define said lubricating surface. The lubricating-material contained in :the reservoir, such as oil, is lifted the full length of the sheet of woven majournal and a depending portion forminga wick for supplying lubricmt to the arcuate surface. It has been found that such felt bodies of desirable density and coarseness will lift oil only about three or four inches. While fine fibers vlift better than the coarse fibers comprising these applicators, fine fibers do not make as good lubricator applicators because of the tendency of such fibers to clog and to glaze.

The lift of these felt applicators has been improved by including in the felt bodies enough fine fibers to provide the desired oil lift. Examples are the lubricators disclosed in my Patent No. 2,708,611, granted May 17, 1955, and myPatent No. 2,768,035, granted October 23, 1956.

However, it has been found that because of the relatively large amount of expensive felt material required to manufacture these lubricating bodies, it is desirable to replace the felt material with other less expensive materials.

It is therefore a principal object of this invention to provide a lubricant applicator having a relatively high lift which presents a layer of non-glazing material adjacent the surface to be lubricated.

A further object of the invention isto provide a lubricating body formed of relatively inexpensive materials which provides a maximum oil lift. I

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a lubricant applicator of substantially less weight than felt lubricators.

Yet a further object of the invention is to provide a high lift lubricant applicator having a piled or carpettype lubricating surface,

Another important object of the invention is to provide an improved resilient backing and bolder arrangement for carpet-type or piled lubricators.

According to several embodiments of the present invention described-hereinafter, I provide an applicator comprising a sheet of woven fabric formed of or including threads having a relatively high capillary action, such as vicara or cotton, or a mixture of vicara and cotton, which is of sufiicient length to extend from the lubricant reservoir to a position adjacent the journal to be lubricated. The sheet of woven fabric is secured to an arcuate surface of a resilient core, which core in turn may be fixed to an applicator holder, for instance, of the type illustrated in my Patent No. 2,640,742, granted June 2, 1953, or may be fixed to a metal backing herein disclosed that replaces applicator holders of the type disclosed in said patent. The applicator preferably includes a pile or carpet-type lubricating surface comprising a layer of closely packed fibers se'cured'to the portion of terial and is fed off toward the journal being lubricated by the layer of closelypacked coarse fibers (or'the layer of looped yarns). I I y it will be appreciated that'the lubricant applicator of the present invention provides substantial advantages over prior lubricators. For instance, the lubricating body "of the present-invention provides an applicator of minimum" moreover, it may be inexpenmassandmaxirnum lift; sively manufactured;

Other objects, uses, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon a consideration of the following description.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a transverse vertical section through a motor suspension bearing and the axle to which it is applied, showing one embodiment of the present invention applied to the journal;

Figure 2 is a vertical section, showing parts in'elevation, through the applicator shown in Figure I;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional View similar to'Figure 2 but illustrating a modified form of the invention;

Figure 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the lubricating surface of the lubricant applicator;

Figure 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one of the fibrous bundles shown in Figure 4, diagrammatically illustrating the individual fibers thereof;

Figure 6 is a view similar to that of Figure 2, illustrating another type of core or backing for the lubricator; I

Figure7 is a cross-sectional view along line 77 of Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a perspective view illustrating a modified form of applicator applied to the supporting device'shown in Figure 1;

Figure 9 is an enlarged, diagrammatic plan view of aportion of the applicator shown in Figure 8; a

Figure 10 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view through a portion of the applicator shown in Figure 8 adjacent the pile thereof;

Figure 11 is a diagrammatic perspective view of pile shown in Figure 10; and

Figure 12 illustrates the lubricator applied to a dif.-'

ferent form of support, the applicator being omitted for clarity of illustration.

In Figure 1, the reference numeral '10 generally indicates a familiar'form of motor suspension bearing pro-' vided with a lineror shell 11 forming the actual bearing for the wheeled axle 12. Associated with these is a motor suspension bearing cap or axle cap 13 secured to the motor suspension bearing by bolts 14 and provided with an oil reservoir 15.

The means forming the subject matter of this invention is to lift the oil from the reservoir 15 and apply it to the axle 12 through the Window opening 16 in the shell 'or liner 11. That function is performed by a device including an applicator or lubricating body generally indicated at 17, which may be assembled in a holder 18 pivoted to levers 19 by pivot rod 19a and urged 'towardthe axle by springs 29 in the manner disclosed in the aforementioned Patent No. 2,640,742, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in the interest of brevity. As disclosed in said Patent 2,640,742, the levers 19 are pivv oted by shaft 21' between spaced'flanges 23 of baffle plate.

2 7 that is fixed, as by rivets 2%, to cover plate 31 for closing the filling opening 33 of axle cap 13. The cover plate 31 may be secured in place by bolts 35.

Referring now more particularly to Figure 2, the lubricator-body 17 of the present invention comprises a resilient core having secured thereto a sheet or layer or stripZZ of woven fabric'for'med of threads or strands, preferably plied, having a high capillary action and other threads providing Wet strength. Threads or strands of vicara, cotton, sisal and nylon yarn are among those suitable for this purpose, and it has been found that a basket weave employing vicara and cotton alone or with one or both of the other materials is satisfactory. The vicara threads provide fine high lift desired and they are supplemented by the cotton threads, which have a somewhat less high lift action, but have the desirable quality of higher tensile strengthwhen wet. Nylon and sisal threads provide high tensile strength when wet, and are employed as a strengthening factor. may be alternate strands of capillary material and wet strength material, though they may alternate in combinations of one for one, one for two or three or more or vice versa, as desired. The woof (horizontal) threads may be likewise alternated.

The upper end of the sheet or layer 22 is provided with a pile, or nap, or carpet-like layer 24 comprising a plurality of closely packed fibers 25 in the form of strands or loops, cut or uncut at their outwardly extending ends, and presenting a lubricating surface 24a to the journal the arcuate length of which is deemed to be along the circumference of the axle. The carpet-like layer 24 may be composed of substantially alternating lengths of vicara and wool fibers or yarn, preferably very coarse wool, and the fibers or yarn, in the embodiment illustrated, are received in bunches or bundles about the warp threads of the sheet or layer 24 substantially as illustrated in Figure 4.

As shown in Figure 5, the bunches or bundles of fibers may also include relatively stifi or inflexible fibers such as nylon or mohair fibers IlL'the substantially alternating vicara and wool fibers 3? being positioned within the fibers 37 to give the capillary fibers lateral strength.

The upper end of the sheet or layer 22 is'vulcanized or cemented to the appropriately concave surface 26 of resilient core 28 which is formed out of lubricant resisting cellular material such as a suitable sponge rubber, and is secured to the holder 18 in any suitable manner, as by cementing. The core 28 may be formed with an appropriate oblong slot 41 to accommodate shaft 19a. The same means which fixes the sheet or layer 22 to core 28 preferably also secures the fibers 25 in place at the rear of the sheet, though fibers 25 may be separately bonded to sheet or layer 22 if so desired. However, care should be taken to apply the bonding material so that it will not interfere with the capillary action of the applicator.

A supplemental backing fabric sheet may be stitched to the underside of the sheet 22 to receive the adhesive, and this insures that the adhesive will not penetrate too deeply into the sheet 22. interposed between the core 23 and the back of the holder 18 is an angled metal backing to which the depending portion of sheet or layer 22 is preferably cemented or riveted. The backing 349 may be fixed to holder 1% in any suitable manner, as by riveting.

In use, the body 17 is positioned as shown in Figure 1, with the depending end of the layer 22 forming the wick for lifting the lubricant to the pile or carpet-like applicator layer 24. The lubricant isthen fed oil from the sheet or layer 22 to surface 24a by the individual fibers composing the carpet-like applicator surface 24. The use of the wool threads in the layer 24 provides an applicator surface which will not glaze or mat.

As indicated diagrammatically in the drawings, the individual fibers 25 are substantially parallel to each other and are substantially perpendicular to the sheet or layer 22. While some movement back and forth is possible, the fibers are closely packed together in a manner similar The warp (or vertical) strands to a common type of carpet and extend transversely thereof so that each individual fiber substantially occupies a position at right angles to the sheet or layer 22. due to the presence of the other'fibers closely packed around it, and the ends of the fibers are wiped by the rotating axle. The closely spaced ends of the'fibers provide the continuous lubricating surface 24a over-the outwardly facing area of layer 24 so that as the axle 12 rotates, the lubricant is spread on the journal surface in a continuous, smooth, even layer over the surface of the journal lubricated by the body 17.; The resilient core 23 serves much the same function as a floor pad beneath carpeting as it greatly lengthens the wear of the lubricating body by providing cushioning behind the carpet-like surface.

it may be added that lubricant is lifted in the capillaries formed by the small spaces between the outer surfaces of adjacent fibers, both in the yarn and in the bundles or bunches of fibers, rather than through any possible cores within the fibers. Thus, the close packing of fibers 25 is a great aid to lubrication.

it will be appreciated that the body 17 eliminates the relatively heavy and expensive felt material employed heretofore. The body 17 of the present inven ion considerably lighter than applicator bodies of prior practices, which makes it feasible to use relatively inexpensive materials in forming the supporting structure for the lubricator body 17. Moreover, very small spring pressure is required to hold the lubricator body against the journal 'due to the substantial decrease in mass of the body, a few ounces of pressure being sufiicient as compared with a pound or more per square inch heretofore used in connection with felt lubricator bodies. This factor permits the use of relatively inexpensive springs to urge the applicator against the journal.

Figure 3 illustrates a modification of the invention wherein the holder 18 is eliminated and a modified lubricating body 17a is provided by cementing or vulcanizing sheet or layer 22 to a relatively thin resilient core 32, formed from lubricant resisting cellular materiahsuch as a suitable sponge rubber, which is in turn cemented to metal backing 34 comprising, for instance, a metal plate substantially equal in width to replaced holder 13. Backing 34 is secured to pin 36 which replaces shaft the. The wick forming depending end of sheet or layer 22 is also preferably secured by cement or rivets to a depending end 34:: formed on backing 34.

The embodiment of Figure 3 is even lighter than the embodiment of Figures 1' and 2 since it eliminates the metal holder 18 and utilizes a relatively thin resiilent core. This construction provides a maximum of lubrication with a minimum of applicator body mass, and greatly accentuates the advantages pointed out above.

Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a lubricating body or applicator 17a employing an improved resilient core 4%. The core 49 comprises a cellular or tubular body 42 bonded or cemented in-any suitable manner to the back of illustrated holder 13. A relatively flat strip of lubricant resisting and impervious resilient material 44 is bonded or cemented in any suitable manner to the outwardly facing side of the body 42 The strip i t, which may be formed from any resilient lubricant resisting material, is provided with an appropriately curved surface 46 to which the sheet or layer or, strip 22 shown in Figures 1 through 5 may be cemented or bonded in the manner described above.

The shaft 19a of holder 18 may be replaced by, for instance, headed pins 48 secured to the respective sides of holder 18 in any suitable manner. This'arrangement eliminates the necessity for forming a hole through the resilient core.

The resilient body 4?. is of particular significance. Referring to Figure 7, itwill be noted that the body 42 comprisesa plurality of integrally united tubes 51 extend ing longitudinally of the' holder 18 and disposed gen erally parallel tothe plane of the journal axis."

.The resilient body 42 can be made of a variety of materials and have many different configurations. As

illustrated in Figures6 and 7, each tube 50 has 'a' wall portion or a web 52 in common with other tubes 50 and integral with them at adjoining corners 54. Thisresilient body is convenientlymade by extruding same in one piece, whereby the cellular structure is entirely integral and the distribution of material makes it possible to have anextremely light;springy element with astrong resistance to deforming under pressure and a high re.

the illustrated embodiment, the fiber specified was spun into two-ply 17 cut yarn with a yarn twist of 9 /3 turns per inch, 8; direction in the single, 5% turns per inch,

covery upon release, even after beingcompressed for a longtimeunder adverse temperature conditions. 'It will be noted that the Width pfleach' cell or cavity defined by the respective tubes 50 is substantially larger in width than the thickness of the cavity or celldefining Walls or webs 52. This permits the body 42 to'be compressed as much as of its unstressed thickness without permanent deformation and without adversely affecting its high recovery upon release. j

Resilient bodies corresponding to that shown in Figures'6 and 7 can be made in a great variety of forms. Almost any polygonal form can be extruded, regular, irregular, right angular, or otherwise. i Of the many polygonal and generally polygonal forms which lend themselves to t he applicationof the invention, the equilateral hexagon shown in Figure 7 is preferred because it lends itselfso readily to making forming cores, audit has a structure particularly adapted for this purpose. The resulting springiness of the body 42 is very well suited to the needs of holding the applicator surface 24a against the journal in spite of all the'vibration, cold and other conditions that obtain in the journal box. While the springs 20 of the applicator mounting device maintain the applicator against the journal, the core 40 of which the body 42 is an important part, provides an improved backing action for the carpet-type lubricator that'materially prolongs its useful life. I

-The production of the extruded core, including suitable materials is a subject of applicants copending application Serial No. 418,442, filed March 24, 1954, the.

disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in the interests of brevity. The following illustrative formula or'recipe for the compound used in making the core is suggested for completeness of the description:

Parts Made by Hycar 1043 100.0 B. F. Goodrich Chemical 00. Zinc Oxide (#42 Green Label) 5. 0 St. Joseph lead 00. Sulfur (Spider or Blackbird)--. 0.5 O. P. H all Go. FEF Black (Philblnck A) 100. 0 Phillips Petroleum Co. GP- 1 10. 0 B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co.

2.0 R. T. Vanderbilt Co.

1.0 Monsanto Chemical Co. Stearic Acid 1.0 Binney & Smith 00.

tires 9, 10.and 11, comprises an elongatestrip ,or sheet or layer of woven material having a plain basket weave and having interwoven in the basket weave elongate strands or yarns of high capillary action'material. The, warp and woof threads 60 and 62, respectively, maybe formed or arranged in the same manner as sheet or layer 22 shown in Figures 1 through 6. 'However, the elongate yarns or strands 64 of high capillary action material may comprise a uniform blend of 85 percent Vicara,

dividual strands or yarns 64 being positioned on the side of the strip 58 facing the journal. Also, the woof threads 62 that-adjacent yarns or strands 64 pass under are not the same, as seen in Figure 9 wherein the adjacent strands 64 pass under woof threads 62a that are spaced from each other by, two woof threads '62. Preferably, this arrangement starts at one side of the strip 58 as viewed in Figures 8 and 9 (top of Figure 9) and the woof threads that the next adjacent yarns 64 pass under-are every.

third woof thread moving upwardly.

This arrangement eliminates much of the unnecessary bending and binding of the high lift material that chokes off the lubricant.

As shown in Figures 10 and 11 the elongate strands 64 in the area of surface 24a are passed under identical alternate woof threads 62b and over identical alternate woofthreads 620 to form rows 68 of closely spaced loops 67, and each strand 64 extends all the way across the surface 24a. The twist of the plied strands 64 and the adjacent positioning of loops 67 tends to rest the loops 67 of eachrow 68 together, and the rows 68 are positioned generally parallel to the axis of the journal. In practice, the rows 68 are closely spacedtogether, as are loops 67 of each row, and provide a firm carpet-type layer that withstands an unusual amount of pressure applied against it without flattening. It should be understood that the spacing indicated in the drawings is for clarity of illustration only.

The back side or surface 70 of the strip 58 is preferably covered with an adhesive 72. The adhesive 72 may comprise any of a number of appropriate materials, many of which are known as rubber-base cements. Many of the so called synthetic rubbers are appropriate, for example, synthetic rubber made from petroleum by B. F. Goodrich Chemical Company, Akron, Ohio. Hycar latex No. 152, type (DR-25, thickened with a 12 percent ammonium casein solution, is satisfactory. Also, Hycar 1561, type OR-15 latex, thickened by addition of 3 to 5 parts of 12 percent ammonium casein solution, is very stiffening effect which would not be present if the rub- 'berizing were omitted.

This is important because a rapidly rotating journal 12 has quite a tendency to distort any flexible surface that is pressed against it. Also, the layer 72 secures in place the ends of fibers or strands which may be broken in service and thus prevents them a ainst] from being drawn out of the applicator and under the journal bearing. t r 7 By using uncured latex as the layer 72, the strip 58 may be secured to a core 4t? before the elements thereof are cured. Also, this permits the strip 53 to be secured to a coating of uncured latex applied to plastic or metal surfaces, such as the surfaces of holder 18 or holder 34.

.After the strip 58 has been applied to, for instance, core 463, which in turn has been applied to, for instance, a holder 15, as shown in Figure 8, it functions in a mariner similar to the earlier described applicator, the high lift strands 6d drawing the lubricant to surface 240. thereof.

The edges of both applicator sheets 22 and 58 may be bound as indicated at '76 in Figure 8, which maybe done by putting them through an edging or edge stitching machine.

Figure 12 illustrates my improved applicator to a different form of holder or support 80. The holder or support 812 is similar to that described and claimed in my Patent 2,738,242 granted March 13, 1956, and

. includes a base $2 that is adaptedto be secured to a cover plate 31 by, for instance, rivets 29, and having side members 34 adapted to receive between them a trough or holder d8 including a back 9d and side walls @2'. The

trough or holder 3% receives a resilient body 94, similar to body 42 described above, the inner side as of which is bonded to rear wall hit of trough 38 many suitable manner. A strip or length 98 of resilient material, similar to strip 44- shown in Figure 6, is bonded in any suitable manner to the outwardly facing side 1% of body $4. A strip or layer or sheet 22 or 58 is applied to the curved or arcuate surface 1% of strip 9% as described above and arranged in a manner similar to that of the above described embodiments. The trough 33 includes an elongate appendage TAM corresponding to metal backing 3d of Figure 2 to which the depending end of the capillary material is secured. The base 82 and the trough 83 are provided with oppositely directed spring guides li to receive suitable helical springs which urge the trough and therefore the capillary applicator carried thereby toward the journal. The side members of the base and the side walls of the trough are flanged to form interengaging guides 112 and 114 which telescope, as described more particularly in said patent. Suitable stop means may be provided to maintain the trough 33 within side members 84 of base 82 before use such as, forinstance, bars 116 fixed to guides 114 of trough 88, which are received behind angles 11% fixed to members 34 as by rivets 12%. The bars 11o are urged into contact with projections 122 of angles 113 by the springs which guides lit? receive.

The different lubricating bodies and supporting devices may be made up in unit assemblies, saturated and sealed, and supplied together with plates 31 for replacement of entire units.

Nylon is a synthetic protein plastic made from a reaction of adipic acid and hexarnethylene diamine, supplied .by E. l. du Pont de Ncmours and Co. Vicara is a protein plastic, a product of Virginia-Carolina Chemical Corporation. Cotton, wool, mohair and sisal fibers are common. natural fibers.

Although the lubri'cators herein disclosed are especially suited for application to lubricators for diesel locomotive traction motor suspension bearings, the principles involved are applicable to railroad journal lubricators in general.

he term high capillary action material as employed in the appended claims means capillary materials such as those specified for warp strands or threads of strips 22 of Figures 27 and strands es of the embodiment of Figure 9, as well as their equivalents.

The foregoing description and the drawings are given merely to explain and illustrate my invention, and the invention is not to be limited thereto, except insofar as applied the appended claims are so limited since those skilled in the art who have my disclosure before them will be able to make modifications therein without departing from the scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. In a journal lubricator, a lubricating pad having a. piled area defining a surface for contact with a journal,

a holder for the pad, a resilient body received between said pad and said holder, means securing said pad, said body and said holder together, resilient means operatively connected to said holder and'adapted to urge the pad against the journal, and means pivoting the holder about an axis intermediate of the ends of saidsurface and adapted to bedisposed parallel; to the journal aXisJ 2.The lubricator set forth in claim 1 including a pair of spacedv pivotally mounted levers, said holder being pivoted between said levers.

3. In a traction motor lubricator, a base having a leg: adapted to be made fast to a support, spaced side members projecting from said base, a trough. for holding alubricating pad including a back and spaced side walls between the side members of the base, interengaging guides on said side members and said side walls, resilient means interposed between said base and said trough, a resilient backing received between said side Walls of said trough and secured to said trough, and a lubricating pad secured to said backing, said pad having a piled area defining the lubricating surface thereof.

4; in a lubricator having an oil reservoir, a lubricating body having a thickened portion provided with an arcuate surface for contact with a journal to be lubricated, and having a wick depending into the reservoir to raise lubricant to the thickened portion, and a holder mounting the lubricator body, said body comprising an elongate fabric strip formed with a nap, said strip forming said wick and said nap defining said surface, said inner fibers having wool-like characteristics and outer fibers of greater stiffness than said inner fibers ringing said inner fibers.

6. A journal lubricator adapted to lift lubricant from a lubricant reservoir to the journal fed therefrom comprising in combination a lubricating pad having a piled area defining an applicator surface on the front side there-.

of, said pad including a wick for supplying the piled area with lubricant, a resilient backing for the pad, a holder comprising a rigid plate, substantially coextensive in area with said pad, supporting said pad and backing and secured thereto, and bracket means adapted to mount said holder adjacent the journal with said piled area in contact with the journal.

7. The lubricator set forth in claim 6 in which said resilient backing consists of sponge rubber.

8. The lubrlcator set forth in claim 6 in which said resilient backing comprises a plurality of parallel tubes arranged in contiguous relation providing a honeycomb structure, the depth of said tubes being many times greater than the thickness of the tube walls, said tubes extending. generally parallel to theplane of said resilient backing.

9. A journal lubricator adapted to lift lubricant from a lubricant reservoir to the journal fed by said reservoir, said lubricator comprising a fabric material into the web of which is woven a plurality of substantially parallel strands of capillary material having relatively high material and forming at one end thereof a wick of suflieient length to extend between the lubricant in the lubricant reservoir and the journal when the lubricator is in operative position, said strands forming at their other ends a multitude of upstanding pile loops defining a piled applicator surface adapted to be placed in arcuate contact with the journal and said strands being continuous throughout substantially the entire, arcuate length of the applicator surface, and a lubricant resistant adherent material applied to the underside ofsaid applicator surface with said strands being at least partially embedded in said adherent material at the bases of said loops to thereby lock the loops in the applicator surface.

10. A lubricator for use particularly in a traction motor bearing and adapted to be resiliently urged against such bearing, said lubricator comprising a rigid holder, a lubricant applicator mounted in the holder and comprising an arcuate piled applicator surface and a wick,

arcuate contact with the journal, said strands being coni tinuous throughout said wick of the applicator and the entirearcuate length of the applicator surface.

strands formingeach row of loops being of capillary material and being continuous throughout the length of the applicator surface and the wick but with the strands of said wick portion being unlooped, and a lubricant resistant adherent material applied to the underside of i said applicator surface with said strandsbeing at least partially embedded in said material at the bases of said loops to thereby lock the loops in the applicator surface. References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 91,000 Devlan g June 8, 1869' 559,691 Eichholtz May 5,1896 814,152 Mooney Mar. 6, 1906 1,012,580 Armstrong Dec. 26, 1911 2,571,235 Hamer Oct. 16, 1951 2,647,546 Ryan Aug. 14, 1953 2,807,803 Rockwell Sept. 24, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS 259.509 Germany May 6, 1933 

